The electron cross-section, often referred to as the electron scattering cross-section or simply the electron cross-section, is a term used in the fields of nuclear and particle physics to describe the likelihood of electrons interacting with other particles, such as atomic nuclei or other electrons, when they are subjected to various types of scattering experiments or interactions.
The electron cross-section is typically expressed in units of area, such as square meters (m²) or square femtometers (fm²), and it represents the effective target area presented by an electron for a particular type of interaction or scattering process. It is used to quantify the probability of electron interactions occurring in various experimental setups.
A township can have different meanings depending on the country and context in which it is used:
United States and Canada (North America): In North America, a township is a specific type of administrative division used in land survey systems. In the United States, townships are most commonly used in the Midwest and some other parts of the country. In Canada, townships are used primarily in the eastern provinces. These townships are typically a square area of land, typically six miles by six miles (36 square miles), or a similar configuration depending on the specific survey system used. Townships can be further divided into smaller units, such as sections, for land management and ownership purposes.
South Africa: In South Africa, a township refers to a residential area established during the apartheid era for non-white citizens. These areas were segregated from the main cities and towns and often experienced poor living conditions. Today, many townships have evolved and have improved living conditions, but the term is still associated with historically segregated communities.
Australia: In Australia, the term "township" is often used to refer to small rural towns or settlements. These are typically smaller than cities or larger towns and often serve as centers for local communities.