A "hand" is a unit of measurement commonly used in the context of measuring the height of horses. In the United States and some other English-speaking countries, a hand is defined as exactly 4 inches or 10.16 centimeters.
Horses are typically measured in hands from the ground to the highest point of their withers (the ridge between the shoulder blades). This measurement is a convenient way to describe a horse's height without relying on feet and inches or meters.
For example, a horse that measures 15.2 hands is 15 hands and 2 inches tall. Horses can vary in height, and the hand system provides a standardized way to communicate a horse's size, which is particularly important in horse racing, equestrian sports, and the horse industry in general.
A "pole" is a unit of length that is equivalent to 16.5 feet or 5.0292 meters. It is sometimes referred to as a "rod" or a "perch," and these terms are often used interchangeably. Poles, like rods and perches, were historically used in some English-speaking countries, primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States, for land measurement, surveying, and real estate.
While the use of poles, rods, and perches has become less common in modern times, you may still encounter these units of length in certain contexts, especially in older land descriptions or surveys. In everyday measurements and official standards, more commonly used units like meters or feet are preferred.